PLA is produced through a fermentation process where sugars from plants are converted into lactic acid. This lactic acid is then polymerized to form PLA resin, which can be processed into fibers, films, or molded products. When disposed of in industrial composting conditions, PLA can fully decompose into carbon dioxide, water, and organic matter within 6–12 months, significantly reducing environmental impact.
PHBV is synthesized by bacteria as an energy storage material during fermentation. After extraction and processing, it forms a high-strength polymer that can be spun into fibers or molded into products. PHBV naturally degrades when exposed to soil, marine environments, or composting conditions, breaking down completely without toxic residue.